EKONOMI HIJAU DAN TRANSISI ENERGI: TANTANGAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Keywords:
Transisi Energi Hijau, Kebijakan Energi, Pembangunan BerkelanjutanAbstract
Transisi energi hijau menjadi isu strategis dalam mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia, termasuk di Kabupaten Merauke yang memiliki potensi energi terbarukan, seperti tenaga surya dan biomassa. Namun, implementasi energi hijau di daerah ini masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti ketergantungan tinggi terhadap bahan bakar fosil, keterbatasan infrastruktur, minimnya investasi, serta kurangnya tenaga kerja terampil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tantangan dan peluang transisi energi hijau di Merauke serta merumuskan strategi kebijakan yang lebih efektif dan kontekstual guna mempercepat adopsi energi terbarukan dengan mempertimbangkan faktor geografis, sosial, dan ekonomi lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemangku kepentingan, observasi langsung, serta analisis dokumen kebijakan dan literatur terkait. Teknik analisis tematik digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi transisi energi hijau di Merauke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat kebijakan yang mendukung energi hijau, implementasinya masih belum optimal akibat lemahnya koordinasi antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah serta kurangnya insentif bagi investor. Untuk mempercepat transisi energi, diperlukan strategi kebijakan yang lebih efektif, seperti pemberian insentif investasi, peningkatan kapasitas tenaga kerja melalui pelatihan, serta optimalisasi kerja sama antara pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat. Dengan kebijakan yang lebih terarah, Merauke berpotensi menjadi contoh daerah yang berhasil dalam transisi energi hijau, mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal, serta berkontribusi pada pencapaian target energi bersih nasional dan global.
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