Analisis Dampak Penerapan Sistem Irigasi Presisi Pada Peningkatan Produksi Padi Dan Efisiensi Sumber Daya Air Di Lahan Sawah Irigasi Teknis (Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatra Utara)
Keywords:
Sistem Irigasi Presisi, Produksi Padi, Efisiensi AirAbstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak penerapan sistem irigasi presisi berbasis sensor dan Internet of Things (IoT) terhadap peningkatan produksi padi dan efisiensi sumber daya air di lahan sawah irigasi teknis Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Melalui pendekatan mixed methods yang menggabungkan analisis kuantitatif produktivitas tanaman, pengukuran hidrologis, dan wawancara mendalam dengan 20 responden petani dan pengelola irigasi, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa sistem irigasi presisi meningkatkan rata-rata hasil panen padi sebesar 24,2% (dari 5,05 ton/ha menjadi 6,27 ton/ha) dan mengurangi penggunaan air hingga 29,7% (dari 11.990 m³/ha menjadi 8.430 m³/ha). Peningkatan water use efficiency (WUE) dari 0,42 kg/m³ menjadi 0,74 kg/m³ menunjukkan optimalisasi distribusi air sesuai fase pertumbuhan tanaman. Namun, implementasi sistem ini menghadapi tantangan teknis seperti biaya pemeliharaan alat yang tinggi (30–40% dari investasi awal) dan kendala sosio-kelembagaan seperti resistensi petani berusia lanjut serta fragmentasi kepemilikan lahan (45% petani menggarap <0,5 ha). Studi ini merekomendasikan integrasi teknologi irigasi presisi dengan model Smart Water Management berbasis kearifan lokal, didukung skema kemitraan publik-swasta untuk subsidi biaya dan penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan. Temuan ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kebijakan pertanian berkelanjutan di wilayah tropis basah dengan karakteristik hidrologi dan sosial unik seperti Sumatera Utara
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